
The Great Indian Rhinoceros, also called the Greater One-horned
Rhinoceros, is characterized by the single horn on its nose and by the
loose folds of its thick skin. The horn is seen on both male and female
Rhinos but not young ones below a year in age. It consists of keratin -
a protein present in human hair and nails - and can grow from 20 to 60
cm in size. Adult male Rhinos have the largest horns.
Zoological name: Rhinoceros Unicornis
Range:
The Great Indian Rhinoceros is found in India, Bhutan and Nepal in
wildlife sanctuaries in the sub-Himalayan belt. It is found in the
Brahmaputra valley in Assam (where the largest population of Rhinos
worldwide exists in Kaziranga National Park), in the Chitwan valley in
Nepal and in lowland Bhutan.
Estimated population: The estimated
population of wild rhinoceroses in national parks worldwide is
approximately 2400 of which 1600 are in India, primarily in the
Kaziranga and Manas wildlife sanctuaries in Assam in North East India.
Physical
characteristics: The Indian Rhinoceros was described by early travelers
as a unicorn because of its single horn. The Rhinoceros has a somewhat
pre-historic appearance and looks as if it has armor plates, because of
the loose folds of its thick hide, which is a dark brown or blackish
color and can also be gray in some cases. A fully-grown male Rhino can
reach up to 1.8 meters high and 3.6 meters long and can weigh over 2
tonnes (or 2000 Kg). The distinctive horn of the Rhinoceros is seen
after Rhinos are a year old and can grow to a size of 20 - 60 cm.
Habitat:
The Indian Rhinoceros is found in marshy lowlands. Tall grass, thick
forests, and swamps are Rhino territory. The Rhino spends a significant
amount of time during the day, wallowing in mud or marshy pools.
Diet:
The Indian Rhinoceros feeds on grass, leaves and twigs. It usually
feeds in the morning and evening and spends the hot daytime cooling off
in a mud wallow. The prehensile upper lip of the Rhino helps it in
feeding.
Behavior: The Indian Rhinoceros is usually a solitary
animal. Calves live with their mothers for several years. Male Rhinos
are known to fight over territory and during the mating season. The
Rhino's horn is used as a threatening display as well as to attack
other male Rhinos or any intruders in its territory. Rhinos can run
fast, up to 55 Kmph for short distances and rely on their sharp sense
of smell and hearing. Their eyesight is comparatively poor. Rhinos live
for 30-45 years in the wild and have been recorded as living up to 47
years in captivity.
Status: The Indian Rhinoceros is an
endangered species. The pressure of human populations on the last
remaining habitats of the rhinoceros, poaching for the sake of its horn
and tiger predation of its calves are threats to its continued survival
in the wild.
Tourists can see the Indian Rhinoceros in the Kaziranga National Park and Manas Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam.
We visit Kaziranga National Park on our tour "
Big Five Of India" &
Customized trip for Rhino watching tours.
For tour details please visit our website
http://www.naturetrailsindia.info or email: ntrails@gmail.com